The 18th century, a period of elegance and extravagance, is often associated with the ubiquitous powdered wig. But why did people, particularly men, wear wigs in the 1700s? The answer is multifaceted, encompassing fashion, social status, and even hygiene. Let's delve into this fascinating aspect of 18th-century life.
Was it Primarily a Fashion Statement?
Yes, absolutely! Wigs were a significant fashion statement, mirroring the changing trends and tastes of the era. Just as today's hairstyles reflect current fashion, wigs in the 1700s were a key component of a person's overall look. Different styles signified different levels of formality and social standing, ranging from the elaborate curls and ringlets of the aristocracy to simpler styles for the working class. The size, shape, and the way the wig was powdered all contributed to the overall aesthetic. Changing wig styles were a way to keep up with the latest trends, much like changing clothing styles today.
How Did Wigs Reflect Social Status?
The style and quality of a wig were powerful indicators of social status. Elaborate, full wigs made from human hair (often imported from abroad) were expensive and signified wealth and high social standing. Judges, lawyers, and other professionals often wore wigs as part of their formal attire, further emphasizing their position in society. The less affluent might wear simpler wigs made from less expensive materials, or even use their own hair styled in a wig-like fashion. The wig became a visual symbol of one's position in the social hierarchy.
Were Wigs Related to Hygiene Practices?
This is a compelling question, and the answer is a nuanced one. While not directly because of poor hygiene, the prevalence of wigs played a role in dealing with perceived hygiene issues. Lice and other head parasites were common, and wigs provided a way to manage these infestations. Regularly cleaning a wig was often easier than meticulously caring for long, natural hair. Also, powdered wigs masked the odors of less frequent bathing which was the norm at the time. Although the hygiene practices of the era are different from our own, wigs weren't worn despite poor hygiene—rather, they were a part of the societal approach to hygiene and self-presentation.
What Kinds of Wigs Were There?
The 1700s saw a wide variety of wig styles, each with its own name and associations. Some of the most popular included:
- The Full Bottom Wig: A voluminous style, often reaching the shoulders, favored by wealthy men.
- The Ramillies Wig: A shorter, more manageable style that became fashionable later in the century.
- The Bag Wig: A wig with the back hair gathered and tied into a bun, frequently seen in portraits of the period.
What Materials Were Used to Make Wigs?
While human hair was ideal, it was expensive. Therefore, various other materials were also used, including:
- Horsehair: A cheaper alternative to human hair.
- Goat hair: Another affordable option, offering a different texture and appearance.
- Synthetic fibers: While less common, early forms of synthetic fibers were sometimes incorporated into wigs.
Did Women Wear Wigs in the 1700s?
While men's wigs are more iconic, women also wore various forms of hairpieces and extensions to achieve elaborate and fashionable hairstyles. These were not always full wigs, but rather additions that enhanced their natural hair.
In conclusion, the reasons behind the popularity of wigs in the 1700s were complex and intertwined. Fashion, social status, and the prevailing hygiene practices all played crucial roles in making the powdered wig a defining feature of 18th-century life. It was a symbol of style, wealth, and social standing, a reflection of the values and priorities of that time.
