Amber, fossilized tree resin, is a beautiful and fascinating gemstone prized for its warmth, color, and the possibility of containing ancient insects. However, the market is flooded with imitations, making it crucial to know how to distinguish real amber from its counterfeits. This comprehensive guide will equip you with the knowledge and techniques to confidently identify genuine amber.
What are the Common Ways to Identify Real Amber?
Several methods can help you determine if your amber is authentic. While no single test is foolproof, combining several techniques provides the most reliable results.
1. The Saltwater Test
This is a classic and relatively simple test. Simply mix a solution of saltwater (approximately one part salt to three parts water). Real amber will float, while most imitations will sink. This is because amber has a lower density than saltwater. However, be aware that some plastics may also float, so this should be used in conjunction with other tests.
2. The Heat Test (Use Caution!)
This test requires extreme caution. Gently heat a needle and touch it to the amber's surface. Real amber will give off a distinct piney or slightly acrid smell – often described as a pleasant, slightly sweet aroma. Imitations might melt, burn, or smell entirely different (e.g., a plastic-like odor). Never hold the amber directly over a flame. The heat from a needle is sufficient; excessive heat can damage or destroy the piece.
3. The UV Light Test (Fluorescence)
Many, but not all, types of amber fluoresce under UV light. This means they will glow a certain color, often a bluish-white or greenish hue. However, some genuine amber pieces may not fluoresce, and some imitations might, so this isn't a conclusive test on its own. It's best used in conjunction with other methods.
4. The Friction Test (Static Electricity)
Rub the amber vigorously with a soft cloth. Genuine amber will often attract small pieces of paper or lint due to static electricity. While this is not a definitive test, it can be helpful when combined with other methods.
5. Inspecting for Inclusions
Real amber sometimes contains inclusions – fossilized insects, plant material, or air bubbles. While the presence of inclusions doesn't guarantee authenticity, their natural appearance and realistic detail can be a strong indication of genuine amber. However, some imitations might contain artificial inclusions. Careful examination is key.
6. Examining the Surface and Texture
Real amber often exhibits a slightly waxy or oily appearance. Examine the surface for any inconsistencies. Perfectly smooth, flawless amber might indicate a counterfeit, as natural amber usually has some degree of irregularity. Feel the amber's weight – it's generally lightweight for its size.
7. Professional Appraisal
For valuable or particularly significant pieces, seeking a professional appraisal from a qualified gemologist or amber expert is strongly recommended. They possess the knowledge and equipment to perform more sophisticated tests, including refractive index measurements and spectrographic analysis, to verify authenticity.
What are the Common Imitations of Amber?
Understanding what amber is often imitated with is crucial for successful identification. Common imitations include:
- Plastic: Many plastics are used to imitate amber. They may be colored to resemble amber's hues.
- Copal: This is a younger, softer resin that is sometimes passed off as amber. It is not as hard and durable and will often have a different smell when heated.
- Glass: Glass can be skillfully crafted to resemble amber, but often lacks the warm, waxy look.
How Can I Tell if My Amber is Baltic Amber?
Baltic amber is particularly highly sought after. While the tests mentioned above still apply, Baltic amber has some specific characteristics:
- Succinic acid test: Baltic amber contains succinic acid, which can be detected through chemical testing (generally not easily done at home).
- Specific gravity: Baltic amber has a specific gravity typically between 1.05 and 1.10.
By carefully applying a combination of these tests and methods, you'll significantly increase your ability to discern real amber from imitations. Remember that caution and careful observation are key to protecting yourself from purchasing counterfeits. Consult with experts for valuable pieces to ensure accuracy and peace of mind.
